Solution 2:

Elaborated Textbook-Level Solution:

The evolution of the concept of ‘self’ in Western philosophy is a complex journey that reflects the changing views of human nature, consciousness, and identity. From the ancient Greeks to the modern era, the understanding of ‘self’ has been shaped by various philosophical movements and thinkers.

Ancient Greek Philosophy: The concept of ‘self’ in ancient Greek philosophy is often associated with the idea of the soul or psyche. Plato, for instance, saw the self as a tripartite entity consisting of the rational, spirited, and appetitive parts. Aristotle, on the other hand, emphasized the role of the ’nous’ or intellect as the essence of the self, which actualizes the potential of the human being.

Medieval Philosophy: During the medieval period, the concept of ‘self’ was heavily influenced by Christian theology. St. Augustine’s introspective approach to understanding the self emphasized the inner life and the relationship with God. Thomas Aquinas integrated Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine, viewing the self as a rational soul that is immortal and capable of knowing God.

Renaissance and Early Modern Philosophy: